A typical 3-phase overhead line is a complex system of interconnected components, each serving a vital function:

• Conductors: These are the wires that carry the current for each of the three phases. They are most commonly made from Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR), which provides the necessary strength and conductivity.

• Support Structures: These can be utility poles (wood, steel, or concrete) for distribution lines or large transmission towers for higher voltage lines.

• Insulators: Attached to the support structures, these are made of porcelain or polymer composites. They electrically isolate the live conductors from the earthed poles or towers, preventing current leakage and short circuits.

• Crossarms: These are horizontal beams attached to the support structure that provide physical separation between the three phases, ensuring proper phase-to-phase clearance.